Dhannalal Yadav, S. K. Diwakar
This study investigates the environmental and cultural factors impacting the water quality and ecological health of the Ganges and Narmada rivers, two of India’s most significant and sacred water bodies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining various studies that assess the effects of industrial, agricultural, and religious activities on these rivers. The findings reveal significant seasonal fluctuations in water quality, exacerbated by pollution from untreated sewage, industrial effluents, and ritualistic practices. Despite numerous efforts to improve river health, challenges remain due to inadequate waste management, deforestation, and inconsistent policy enforcement. The study identifies several gaps in the current literature, including the need for comparative analysis across different river systems, long-term studies to track ecological changes, and the integration of traditional ecological knowledge into scientific research. Furthermore, the effectiveness of policy interventions in improving river health is insufficiently studied, and there is a need for more advanced analytical techniques to assess water quality. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to river management that combines scientific research with cultural sensitivity and robust policy implementation. The preservation of both the environmental and cultural significance of these rivers is crucial for their sustainable management. Addressing the identified gaps through interdisciplinary research and long-term monitoring is essential to ensure the health and sustainability of India’s river ecosystems.
Environment, Water Quality, Ecological, Narmada Rivers, Water Bodies, Pollution, Waste Management